Genie, Brain Waves and Feral Children
Wednesday, April 22nd, 2009Now keeping in mind that I still need to play catch up with this blog and should right now be searching for jobs (which I will do when I finish this blog), a hodgepodge of medical theories has been wandering about in my head for the past few days, so I thought I would write about them here.
I watched the movie Mockingbird Don’t Sing the other day, based on the story of Genie, a 13 year old girl isolated from most human contact in a back bedroom, and who did not have exposure to language. I knew of the case before, but have obviously missed some details, as I wasn’t aware there was another child, then nearly an adult in the house, or that there were twists and turns in the story such as scheming scientists. Some years ago I looked up the Wild Boy of Averyon (probably spelled wrong, I’ll have to look it up), and that book stated that the boy was insensitive to heat or cold, did not relate to people, and was in most respects comparable to an autistic person today.
That still interests me. But, in this case, this was a child found in the woods, who behaved like an animal as far as crouching places, eating raw meat with his hands, but significantly, I believe he was found in the 1700-early 1800’s, if I remember correctly. Science wasn’t as advanced. The crouching is interesting because a number of special ed children also perch on things, such as chairs.
But the child was also found in the woods…so was the insensitivity to temperature a result of more fat cells in the blood, or whatever happens to people who are exposed more often to extreme weather, or was this is an internal sensory processing difficulty, like a brain which scrambles pain messages?
I watched a program on modern feral children recently…would have loved to tape it, but anyway a boy in it as old as 4 was abandoned by his parents in the city and began to run about with the town’s dog population. Even at that age, he still reverted to dog habits on occasion with a foster family (growling etc). Now I’m assuming, because the program didn’t go into details, but this was a child with an apartment-dwelling life, and early exposure to social skills, language, affection, who did not begin to display these characteristics until later, hanging around dogs. Now the neighbors knew he was doing this.
This is not to advocate the “refrigator mother” theory about autistics, or to state that they were deprived as Genie was. The theory about rhesus monkeys and touch is interesting here as well…it was supposed that monkeys were attached to their mothers because of feeding and milk, but it was discovered that baby monkeys gravited toward soft towel-covered fake mothers more than the ones who only fed them. They wanted touch. This is why children in orphanages had high mortality rates early in the century, because they were fed but not touched, and they wasted away. (Which was, at least according to Popenoe, a “scientist” writing about eugenics, a good thing…less people with bad genes).
Of course, remember that eugenics was considered a science during a very particular time period, at least until after Nazi concentration camps, where it became a source of embarrassment and its name was quickly changed. Popenoe also does not consider in his book Applied Eugenics that factors such as high tubercolis rates and lack of seperation of sick people…oh, let’s see, might actually have contributed to the high mortality rates.
When I watched The Boy in the Bubble documentary, I wondered whether touching him through thick gloves would qualify as touching a la rhesus monkeys. Of course, he grew but the bubble provided another kind of isolation, despite doctors, parents and nurses giving interaction and affection. I suppose because he couldn’t interact directly or leave the bubble except in a space suit.
In the movie about Genie, if she actually did some of the things portrayed, it’s very interesting. For example, a foster sister complains in the film that Genie has taken her brush. Now what does Genie do with it? She strokes her face. That’s tactile stimulation. If an MRI had existed at the time, a particular part of her brain probably would have lit up. I wonder if particular brain waves can tell your brain to wake up or go to sleep (neurofeedback) and particular sounds such as shaman drumming, digeridoos, humming, rocking, etc. can take away pain, do they all stimulate the same portion of the brain? In Anthropology I found it fascinating that the drumming, digeridoo etc made the same noise as the humming Mom does when her hand hurts.
People stimulate by fidgeting, tapping pens, during meetings. Which part of the brain does this stimulate? Also, figure that Genie in this case, was tied to a chair without proper motion of her hands and feet and without much verbal interaction. So, if you look at the cases of isolated prisoners or people that have been suspended in water, with gloves over their hands and feet, it takes a few days and then their brain starts finding things to stimulate itself. It goes haywire with hallunications etc. And in the case of people who have…a highly medical term will follow… scrambled wiring in their brain, or poor processing of stimulation such as touch, sounds, etc., they can over- or under- reaction to stimulation. Screaming at car backfires, or knocking people aside when tapped on the shoulder. Think about autistic people here, but also folks who might have it to a lesser degree such as from a head injury. (I read the book Too Tight, Too Fast, Too Bright by …INSERT CITATION)
In this sense, scientists said Genie walked and moved as though blind, as though her brain didn’t trust her eyes. Now that’s fascinating for me. Were her senses damaged from isolation? If people couldn’t take complete sensory deprivation for a few days, similar deprivation for years must do awful things. The kid must have been bright to be able to maintain a ability to learn. Did the Wild Boy have insentivity to temperature like Genie because of exposure to these extremes, or because lack of stimulation scrambled the ability to feel them? Did Genie’s stimming with the brush “correct” her body’s need for some brain waves? In the book Too Loud, Too Bright…by …… a sensory diet is recommended that claims to stimulate particular regions of the brain and help with sensitivities to sounds, etc.
In the Extras of Mockingbird Don’t Sing, Susan Curiss says that Genie would take Curtiss’ hand and point to what she wanted to know. That she lacked confidence in her own hand. That seems like a form of faciltacted communication that would become popular a few years later. In faciltated communication, a teacher holds the arm while the student points to objects. This is not to start a disruption about whether or not faciltated communication works or doesn’t, I’m only stating what I’m thinking. At the time, word boards would have been in existance, but word boards would have been much slower than signing, which is what the Genie Team introduced her to. But in today’s technological world, computers are used instead of word boards for communication like this, and some autistic people have shown that while their verbal speech is not at age level, their written ability is much better.
A boy from India writes every day and a girl with a small verbal vocabulary can attend college course with a computer to speak for her. (Sorry, I saw them on TV but will have to look up the names). This raises the questions would Genie’s inability to construct grammatical sentences, even though she could communicate what she wanted, have improved if the technology of computers had been as advanced as it is today? It’s an interesting idea for me. Now people can also have difficulty processing verbal language but be able to use ASL, so an appropriate technology was used for the time period, but it intrigues me that langauge can be entirely different written than it is coming out your mouth
Also interesting that Genie collected pails, plastic being one of the things she was exposed to as toys during isolation and abuse. She didn’t play with them but just had them. They would provide the same tactile stimulation. Autistic children are also known for collecting groups of objects, whatever connection that might be.
Anyway, that’s my hodgepodge of scientic theories for the day. Might be an entertaining paper, if I could communicate it well enough in future.
[The part about rhesus monkeys, cloth mothers, and touch came from reading Why Zebras Don’t Get Ulcers [An Updated Guide…] by Robert M. Sapolsky, pg. 90, 98-100.
For the sensory deprivation study, see Human Motivation, 5th edition, by Bernard Weiner.
For sensory overload, see Too Loud, Too Bright, Too Fast, Too Tight: What to Do If You Are Sensory Defensive in an Overstimulating World by Sharon Heller
The documentary about modern wild children is a TLC film called “Wild Child: The Story of Feral Children.”
Information about Genie is in Russ Rhymer’s book Genie: A Scientific Tragedy, NOVA’s documentary “Secret of the Wild Child,” and Susan Curtiss’ thesis, as well as Mockingbird Don’t Sing (2001) film.
Information about David Vetter is from the NOVA documentary The Boy in the Bubble. It’s an excellent film.